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cmd: msg ZCM-33126123 * /w hi! Networks can be defined as a set of nodes and links, where nodes are the devices that can store and share data and the links are the communication protocols and transmission methods. Network Nodes There are two general types of n...

the public internet's basic structure The WAN interface of the SOHO router connects the local network to the public internet via several methods: digital subscriber line cable fiber optics cellular/satellite PSTN Internet Service Providers ISPs are responsib...

everybody is plugged in with everyone else For every node n in the network, the mesh topology requires n2−n2 P2P links (e.g. network of 40 nodes requires 780 links). However, the redundancy can be helpful, since there are multiple routes data packets can take ...

big hub small hub organize by floors internet for all yippie! Main Distribution Frame -> primary network hub for all the network cables in the building, providing internet access to the entire building (should be in a secure room) Intermediate Distribution Fra...

the IEEE defines 802.3 standards for ethernet cables Official documentation for the 802.3 standards as defined by the IEEE can be found here. The 802.3 standards are in common use in both LANs and WANs. They ensure that hardware devices meet the minimum band...

merge two network links logically for redundancy Link aggregation can be used to boost the bandwidth of a network link. If you have two physical links that run at 1 Gbps, you can link them so that you get 2 Gbps of bandwidth. If a node uses two NICs to form a ...

grr ethernet packet header formatting preamble start frame delimiter destination MAC address source MAC address EtherType Payload frame check sequence (error checking) preamble & sfd used for clock syncing and part of the CSMA/CD protocol for collision detec...

sometimes you can't go 30 over because traffic When troubleshooting a link, learn to differentiate between the expected performance and actual performance. speed vs. throughput at the physical layer, a signal transmitted over a link consists of a stream of eve...

grr avoiding traffic jams across redundant links The Spanning Tree Protocol and other network protocols like it are classified as 802.1D by the IEEE. Official documentation can be found here. When a network is configured using a (partial) mesh of switches, r...

hijack and configure switch using terminal >:) Most network switch OS's run in three main modes: user mode (readonly) privileged global User mode only allows for basic troubleshooting commands. Privileged mode allows for config reports, system status viewing...

urban design & planning but it's networking we have the basic network topologies: star mesh p2p but they might not work for more complex organizational structures. that's why we mix and match. for example, many organization's follow cisco's standard for a th...

i need an entire network segment for microsoft teams calls VoIP transmits using data packets instead of physical transmission lines, which means that bandwidth and latency are essential for VoIP applications. The network cannot afford to lose or drop any data ...

what if we (Internet-Assigned-Numbers-Authority) hijacked the first 1024 ports that's exactly what IANA did. the list can be found here it lists the commonly (almost universal) ports that are reserved for use by the device/OS itself the rest of the ports (1025...

i need a post office to specifically handle foreign mail IPv6 has an address autoconfiguration protocol that handles finding the default gateway along with a proper network prefix. In this case, the role of the Dynamic-Host-Configuration-Protocol server is dif...

grr i have four different gps apps again DNS is very very very very very very very∞ important to the functionality of the Internet. Things like Active Directory and most Linux networks need a DNS service somewhere in order to work. However, there are still mul...

i need to watch my employees work from my beach chair in hawaii We love our telecommunications stack. VoIP, web conferencing, and video teleconferencing (VTC) solutions dominate the modern communications industry. Businesses and social media platforms depend o...

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa I need a lot of services for my network to run. For some reason. Here's a big list of some of them. TLS (communication security) NTP and PTP (time syncing) HTTP/HTTPS (web browsing) FTP (remot...

IM NOT A BIG FAN OF SQL (30 on 30) We love databases. It allows us to interact with and manage large groups of data easily. There are two types of databases: relational and NoSQL. Relational Databases Relational databases store information in tables with rows ...