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 An electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions into one piece of hardware.

A cumulative permissions system for granular control over folder and files used in the New-Technology-File-System. NTFS permissions are unique in the sense that they apply to both network shared files and files hosted locally. This means that they can be used ...

aliases: DNS The naming system used by computer networks to match human-readable domain names to IP addresses. DNS is a hierarchical naming system, meaning it organizes everything from the first level (called the DNS Root), branching out into the different...

aliases: EFS An obscure file system only supported by NTFS used for specific file encryption. EFS encrypts specific files using both symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Using NTFS Permissions, EFS supports custom user access by the owner of the fil...

A proprietary, Unix-based operating system. Nobody really likes this one. Apple designed macOS for it's Mac computers. A proprietary, closed-source graphical OS, like Windows, designed for workstations and embedded systems. Mac workstations use their own file ...

A Windows 10 Pro feature that grants access to a program (of the same name) that'll manage user accounts, groups, and security policies. There are two main fashions one can implement Active Directory on a set of computers attached to a networks: workgroups an...

aliases: KDC A server agent that facilitates the distribution of cryptographic keys, often used in network authentication systems like Kerberos.

aliases: TGT An access key granted to approved hosts to access network services or resources without repeatedly entering credentials. A key component of the Kerberos network authentication protocol. Upon approval, the Authentication Service sends ba...

A network authentication protocol designed to provide secure authentication over unsecured networks. Kerberos uses a ticketing system to allow hosts on a network to prove their identity to each other securely. It's named after the guard dog of the Greek under...

aliases: GPT A hard disk partition style that works by assigning UUIDs to partitions on the hard disk drive and referencing them as needed. Data critical to platform operation is stored in separate partitions, and both primary and backup partition ta...

A type of operating system often used in embedded systems. Features: different algorithms embedded in the OS determine the next task to be performed tasks are given priority by the developer or the sysadmin RTOS enables tasks to begin with little to no latenc...

aliases: ASIC A type of microprocessor used in embedded systems designed to perform a single task. Features: usually custom designed used by a single company in their product expensive & time-consuming development high performance w/ low power consumption...

aliases: FPGA A type of microprocessor used in embedded systems that is configured by the end user upon deployment. Other types of microprocessors like ASIC and System on Chip microprocessors have hard-coded instruction sets, which makes FPGA ideal ...

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition: a hardware device that monitors and controls PLC systems. SCADA controllers gather data and adjust the ICS based on the results of the hardware sensors. #XI

aliases: HMI A hardware device responsible for facilitating interaction between human users and ICSs and other types of embedded systems. HMIs often take the form of a touchscreen control panel or software running on a connected workstation. The HMI also e...

A customizable set of packages that contain the needed components of an ICS. #XI

A special network protocol that enables controller systems to communicate with one another. Modbus used to run on a serial interface but has modern support for Ethernet and TCP/IP. #XI

aliases: PLC A core component of ICSs, a specialized controller programmed to perform specific tasks. Multiple PLCs can be chained together and configured to work with one another to perform a set of more complex tasks. #XI